Statistics
Time:0.0
Max sep:0.0
Lyap. est:-
Energy:-
Equations of motion from Lagrangian mechanics. Chaotic onset visible when θ₂ crosses π (top). Lyapunov exponent λ ≈ 1/time to 2x separation.
Color = pendulum index (blue→red). Traces fade over time. Phase portrait shows θ₂ vs ω₂.