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Cell Division — Mitosis

Chromosome condensation, spindle formation, cytokinesis

Interphase — DNA replication in progress
Mitosis passes through 5 stages: Prophase (chromosomes condense), Prometaphase (nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle captures chromosomes), Metaphase (chromosomes align at the metaphase plate), Anaphase (sister chromatids separate), and Telophase + Cytokinesis (two daughter cells form). Checkpoint proteins like cyclin-CDK complexes and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC/Mad2) ensure fidelity.