BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

Quantum phase transition: atoms cooling into macroscopic ground state
BEC Phase Transition

Critical temperature (3D harmonic trap):
T_c = ℏω(N/ζ(3))^(1/3) / k_B

Condensate fraction:
N₀/N = 1 - (T/T_c)³ for T < T_c

Phase space density: nλ³ ≥ 2.612

N₀/N: —
Phase: —