Hodgkin-Huxley Action Potential

The 1952 Nobel Prize model of nerve impulse generation. Inject current and watch voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels produce a spike.

Vm (mV)
INa
IK
m, h, n
dV/dt = (Iext − gNa·m³·h·(V−ENa) − gK·n⁴·(V−EK) − gL·(V−EL)) / Cm

m, h, n: gating variables with voltage-dependent α, β rate functions. Nobel Prize Physiology 1963 (Hodgkin & Huxley).