Autocatalytic Networks: Life's Bootstrap Problem

Kauffman's RAF sets — when chemistry becomes self-sustaining

Controls

Molecules: —
Reactions: —
RAF found: —

Kauffman's Origin of Life

A Reflexively Autocatalytic, Food-generated (RAF) set is a network where every reaction is catalyzed by some molecule in the set, and all molecules can be built from a food set.

Phase transition: as you increase p (reactions per molecule pair) past a critical threshold, the probability of finding an autocatalytic set jumps from ~0 to ~1. Life may have bootstrapped this way.

Colors: green = in RAF set, blue = food molecule, brown = inactive. Arrows show catalysis.