ATP Production
0ATP molecules synthesized
Rotation: 0°
Speed: 0 rpm
Protons/turn: 10–14
ATP/turn: 3
β₁: Open
β₂: Loose
β₃: Tight
Proton gradient drives F0 rotor, rotating the central stalk, causing F1 β-subunits to cycle through
Open → Loose (ADP+Pi binding) → Tight (ATP synthesis) conformations.
ATP molecules synthesized
Rotation: 0°
Speed: 0 rpm
Protons/turn: 10–14
ATP/turn: 3
β₁: Open
β₂: Loose
β₃: Tight