Dispersion Relation:
ω = -βk/(k²+l²+λ²)
ω = —
c_phase (x) = — W
c_group (x) = —
c_group sign: —
Period T = —
ω = -βk/(k²+l²+λ²)
ω = —
c_phase (x) = — W
c_group (x) = —
c_group sign: —
Period T = —
Rossby waves arise from conservation of potential vorticity on a rotating sphere. The beta-plane approximates the meridional variation of the Coriolis parameter: f ≈ f₀ + βy. Phase velocity is always westward (c_x < 0). Group velocity can be eastward — energy propagates E while phase goes W.