Apollonian Gasket — Circle Packing

An Apollonian gasket is built by repeatedly filling gaps with the unique circle tangent to three others. Descartes' Circle Theorem: (k₁+k₂+k₃+k₄)² = 2(k₁²+k₂²+k₃²+k₄²) where k = 1/r (curvature). If k₁,k₂,k₃ are integers, all subsequent curvatures are integers!

Circles drawn: 0
Descartes' theorem gives the curvature k₄ = k₁+k₂+k₃ ± 2√(k₁k₂+k₂k₃+k₃k₁). The fractal dimension is ≈ 1.3057.