Left: amorphous lattice with edge states | Right: density of states
Amorphous topological insulators retain topological edge states despite lacking crystalline order.
Topology is encoded in the local Hamiltonian structure, not crystal momentum — it survives positional disorder.
Key result: when W < critical disorder, edge states persist in the bulk gap (bright lines at sample boundary).
At strong disorder, Anderson localization destroys the topological phase. SOC λ controls gap size.