Physics
MIPS occurs when run-and-tumble or ABP particles accumulate where they slow down. No attraction needed — pure kinetic effect.
Pe = v₀/(Dr·σ)
ṙᵢ = v₀eᵢ + μ·Σfᵢⱼ
θ̇ᵢ = √(2Dr)·ξᵢ(t)
Above a critical Péclet number, the system phase-separates. Dense clusters act as barriers, trapping more particles.