Hodgkin-Huxley model — Na⁺/K⁺ channel dynamics, threshold, myelination
The Hodgkin-Huxley model (1952 Nobel Prize) describes action potential generation via voltage-gated Na⁺ and K⁺ channels. Depolarization opens Na⁺ channels (+40 mV), followed by repolarization via K⁺ efflux. Myelination enables saltatory conduction between Nodes of Ranvier, increasing propagation velocity up to 120 m/s.