Abelian Higgs Model — Vortex Lattice

Type-II superconductor Abrikosov flux lattice & order parameter topology
Vortices N 7
κ (GL param) 2.0
Display
κ > 1/√2: Type II
In the Abelian Higgs model (Ginzburg-Landau theory), vortices carry quantized flux Φ₀ = h/2e. For κ = λ/ξ > 1/√2 (Type II), vortices repel and form the Abrikosov triangular lattice. Each vortex has a winding number in the phase of the order parameter ψ = |ψ|eiθ.